Fibroids and ovarian cysts are common gynecological conditions affecting women of reproductive age. While fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus, cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop in the ovaries. Both conditions can cause discomfort and, in some cases, affect fertility and overall health.
Dr. Preeti P. Chauhan, a leading Consultant Obstetrician & Gynecologist in Gurgaon, specializes in diagnosing and treating fibroids and ovarian cysts. In this blog, we will explore their symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatment options.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also called leiomyomas or myomas, are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that develop in the muscular layer of the uterus. They can vary in size, from small pea-sized nodules to large masses that distort the uterus.
Types of Fibroids
- Intramural Fibroids – Grow within the uterine wall (most common type).
- Subserosal Fibroids – Develop outside the uterus, sometimes pressing against nearby organs.
- Submucosal Fibroids – Form inside the uterine cavity, causing heavy bleeding.
- Pedunculated Fibroids – Grow on a stalk-like structure, protruding from the uterus.
What Are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop in or on the ovaries. Most are harmless (functional cysts) and resolve on their own, but some may cause complications.
Types of Ovarian Cysts
- Functional Cysts – Form during the menstrual cycle and often disappear without treatment.
- Dermoid Cysts – Contain hair, fat, or other tissues; may require removal.
- Endometriomas – Linked to endometriosis, these cysts can cause pelvic pain.
- Cystadenomas – Grow on the ovary’s surface and can become quite large.
- Polycystic Ovaries – A sign of PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), characterized by multiple small cysts.
Symptoms of Fibroids and Cysts
Many women with fibroids or cysts experience no symptoms, but larger growths can cause discomfort and complications.
Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
- Heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination (if fibroids press on the bladder)
- Constipation (if fibroids press on the rectum)
- Pain during intercourse
- Enlarged abdomen or bloating
Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
- Lower abdominal pain or bloating
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)
- Pain during intercourse
- Frequent urination or bowel changes
- Sudden, severe pelvic pain (if a cyst ruptures)
Diagnosis of Fibroids and Cysts
A proper gynecological evaluation is essential for diagnosing fibroids and cysts.
1. Pelvic Examination
A doctor may feel abnormal growths in the uterus or ovaries during a routine exam.
2. Ultrasound (Sonography)
A transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound helps visualize the size, shape, and location of fibroids or cysts.
3. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Provides a detailed image of fibroids and cysts, helping to plan treatments.
4. Blood Tests
For ovarian cysts, a CA-125 blood test may be recommended to rule out ovarian cancer, especially in postmenopausal women.
5. Hysteroscopy or Laparoscopy
- Hysteroscopy – A thin camera inserted into the uterus to check for fibroids inside the uterine cavity.
- Laparoscopy – A minimally invasive procedure used to examine and remove fibroids or cysts.
Treatment Options for Fibroids and Cysts
Treatment depends on symptom severity, size, and a woman’s reproductive goals.
Treatment for Uterine Fibroids
1. Medications
- Hormonal therapy (birth control pills, GnRH agonists) to reduce bleeding and shrink fibroids
- NSAIDs (pain relievers) for symptom relief
2. Minimally Invasive Procedures
- Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) – Blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
- MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound – Uses ultrasound waves to break down fibroid tissue.
- Myomectomy – Surgical removal of fibroids, preserving the uterus for future pregnancies.
3. Hysterectomy (Surgical Removal of Uterus)
For women with severe symptoms who do not wish to conceive, a hysterectomy is a permanent solution.
Treatment for Ovarian Cysts
1. Watchful Waiting
- Small, functional cysts often resolve on their own in a few months.
2. Medications
- Birth control pills to prevent new cyst formation.
- Pain relievers for symptom management.
3. Surgery
- Laparoscopic Cystectomy – Minimally invasive removal of ovarian cysts.
- Oophorectomy – Ovary removal in severe cases or if cancer is suspected.
Can Fibroids or Cysts Affect Fertility?
- Fibroids inside the uterus can interfere with implantation and increase miscarriage risk.
- Large ovarian cysts can disrupt ovulation, making conception difficult.
- Endometriomas and PCOS-related cysts can cause hormonal imbalances, affecting fertility.
Early detection and proper medical management help improve fertility outcomes.
When Should You See a Gynecologist?
If you experience:
- Heavy or painful periods
- Persistent pelvic pain or bloating
- Difficulty conceiving
- Rapid abdominal growth
Timely medical care can prevent complications and improve overall reproductive health.
Both fibroids and ovarian cysts are common yet manageable conditions. Regular check-ups, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can ensure better health and fertility outcomes.
AboutMyClinic